Porosity: Porosity refers to cavum formatae cum Gas in lacuna non effugere ante metallum solidationem et manet in weld. Eius Gas potest absorberi a fis lacus a foras, aut potest generari per reactionem in Welding metallurgy processus.
(1) The main reasons for air holes: there are rust, oil stain, etc. on the surface of base metal or filler metal, and the amount of air holes will increase if the welding rod and flux are not dried, because the rust, oil stain, and the moisture in the coating and flux of the welding rod decompose into gas at high temperature, increasing the content of gas in the high-temperature metal. Lineam linea navigia parva et refrigerationem celeritate fis lacus magna quae non conducit effugium Gas. Satis Deoxidation de Weld metallum etiam auget oxygeni poros.
(2) Harm of blowholes: blowholes reduce the effective sectional area of the weld and loosen the weld, thus reducing the strength and plasticity of the joint and causing leakage. Porosity etiam a factor quod causat accentus concentration. Hydrogenium Porosity potest etiam conferre ad frigus elit.

A. Remove oleum macula, rubigo, aquam et solis a welding filum, opus sulcus et adiacet superficies.
b. Alkaline Welding virgas et fluxes erit usus et bene exaruit.
c. DC reverse connection and short arc welding shall be adopted.

Menses ne crystal rimas:
A. Redigendum contentus de nocivis elementa ut sulphuris et phosphoro et weld cum materiae cum humilis ipsum contentus.
b. Quidam alloy elementa addita ad redigendum columpallis crystallis et segregationem. Exempli gratia, aluminium et ferrum potest conflare grana.
c. The weld with shallow penetration shall be used to improve the heat dissipation condition so that the low melting point material floats on the weld surface and does not exist in the weld.
d. Welding cubits erit recte electus, et afterheating et adoptatus ad redigendum refrigerationem rate.
E. Capere rationabile Conventus Sequentia ad redigendum Welding accentus.

Menses ne reheat rimas:

b. Recte preheat aut uti afterheat ad control ad refrigerationem rate.
c. Reduce residual stress to avoid stress concentration.
d. During tempering, avoid the sensitive temperature zone of reheat cracks or shorten the residence time in this temperature zone.

A. Humilis hydrogenii type alkaline Welding virga erit usus, exaruit stricte, reposita ad 100-150 ℃, et usus cum captivitatis.
b. The preheating temperature shall be increased, the post heating measures shall be taken, and the interpass temperature shall not be less than the preheating temperature. Rationabile Welding specificationem delectae vitare fragilis durum structuras in weld.
c. Select rationabile Welding sequence ad redigendum welding deformatio et welding accentus.
d. Conduct hydrogen elimination heat treatment in time after welding